Gaylyn Studlar's _This Mad Masquerade_ is an excellent start. The kind of narcissism/voyeurism associated with stars like Valentino complicates (and possibly inverts) the gendered looking relations charted out by psychoanalytic film criticism post-Mulvey. This, among other things, is a starting point for queer theory. best, Michael Michael Kackman Dept. of Communication/American Studies Program DePaul University <<< Krzysztof Jozajtis <[log in to unmask]> 11/16 3:57p >>> I'm not sure that male sexuality was never visible pre-Brando. What about (e.g.) Valentino, Gable, Wayne (even), and the wonderful Victor Mature? .... Has there been much work on male sexuality in the movies pre WWII? ---- Screen-L is sponsored by the Telecommunication & Film Dept., the University of Alabama: http://www.tcf.ua.edu