Hi Eric, You might want to consider looking at a medium that is pretty much unknown in media studies (I even tried to get a panel together on it for SCS, but there were too few people): Slow-scan TV and Fast-scan TV (SSTV & FSTV), these are short-wave television stations that broadcast from people's homes. This form of TV was pioneered by Copthorne McDonald, and has been around awhile. The magazine where you can find some articles on it (as well as short-wave radio, which you might also want to consider), is QST, the main short-waver's publication. One needs short-wave equipment to pick up those shows, but for all intents and purposes, it is a form of personal alternative mass media that is older than the internet and worldwide as well. MJPW [log in to unmask] ---- Online resources for film/TV studies may be found at ScreenSite http://www.tcf.ua.edu/ScreenSite