At 9:59 AM 8/8/96, Donald Larsson wrote: >Was standardized, electric projection readily available by the time that >Clair and Leger were doing their experiments? Yes, standardized projection was long since avaialble. Less routinely available for lower-budget films was standardized electric photography. Spring-wound motors and hand-cranked cameras were common still. I don't have the work in my possession but Barry Salt's book on film technology could answer these questions definitively, and the Bordwell, Staiger, Thompson now-standard reference work, _The Classical Hollywood Cinema_ has that info., too. But these factors are important to remember, I think, and that's a point Salt makes particularly well. David ---- To signoff SCREEN-L, e-mail [log in to unmask] and put SIGNOFF SCREEN-L in the message. Problems? Contact [log in to unmask]