Queried: " . . . seeing the name Ludovic mentioned in connection with a BBC program makes me wonder whether Anthony Burgess was making an in-joke by naming the rehab program in A Clockwork Orange the Ludovico Treatment. Especially considering that the medium of film is used as a behavior shaping instrument in the treatment." Ludovico is an Italianate variant on "Ludwig" the first name of Alex's favorite composer in A CLOCKWORK ORANGE. My guess is that it's one of Burgess's quasi-Joycean/Nabokovian wordgames (eg., the nickname for the prison chaplain is the "Charlie". Get it?). Don Larsson, Mankato State U (MN) ---- To signoff SCREEN-L, e-mail [log in to unmask] and put SIGNOFF SCREEN-L in the message. Problems? Contact [log in to unmask]