----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Bill Tuschall writes: "To the point, I have to strongly disagree with both of the above authors. I feel sound is as much an artistic part of a film as much as any other. Whether or not the filmmaker tries to create a sense of realism, or uses the sound to create something else, it is such an integral part. For example, there is nothing like the complete sound of a thunderstorm in surround sound, or THX. Or the sound of bullets flying over one's head in the theater(or, in my case, in my livingroom also). The music score usually fills the theater as well, as differentiated by the dialog coming only from the screen." I agree that sound is an integral part of the film--and note that major scholarship on film sound (even music!) has only really begun to develop in the last ten years or so, but still my perhaps-too-linear mind objects when sound effects (including thunderstorms, jet planes, etc) sound all around me but the image is clearly in front of me. (Again, I'd make an exception for BIG-screen contexts.) Non-diegetic music is a somewhat different case, I think, since the sound does not emerge from the screen's film "reality." (On the other hand, the bullets flying overhead strike me as a cheap gimmick, like the way 3-D was exploited in most films.) Now, there may be potential for a *non-realistic* exploitation of these sound effects, but if so they must be rare. Maybe this is just a question of generational context. For a while, when I first really began absorbing films, I thought--a la Arnheim--that less is more and that additions (including color and the like) needed their own aesthetic context. Perhaps my thoughts on sound echo the debate over the aesthetics of wide-screen film. The advent of multi-media computer images (even when used in relatively simple ways like the game MYST) may cause me to rethink my objections, but I have to work them through. --Don Larsson, Mankato State U., MN