Re: The discussion of subliminal backgrounds. I'd be interested in hearing from those who participated in the discussion on subliminal backgrounds in reference to the following question: Given that some cross-referencing of previous cinema seems trivial or self-promoting, still, should't we consider it as a special case of the larger process (characteristically modern?) of drawing upon pre-existing cultural material as a basis for new creations? We don't get upset at the borrowing involved in a remake of the beauty and the beast legend, presumably because the work satisfies us or entertains us in fundamental ways (the Jean Cocteau version is in my mind here, not so much the Disney animation), perhaps even because it seems to reflect fundamental truths about human nature. Any artist worth his or her salt working in any medium does well to be aware of previous culture, and many consciously draw upon mythological and artistic precursors (often, we can assume, favorites of the artist) as foundation or ornamentation for their "new" productions. The modern concept of originality (creating something new under the sun) came into vogue in the early nineteenth century, but perhaps it has never totally supplanted in the minds and practice of artists the Renaissance (and earlier?) notion of originality as recasting for one's own generation monuments of unaging intellect, to borrow Yeats's phrase. To sum up, several SCREEN-L correspondents have pointed out the existence of admittedly trivial background references, but it seems important to be mindful of the less obvious referencing to previous works, myths, and archetypes that customarily feeds our art. Dan Gribbin Ferrum College Ferrum, VA 24088 [log in to unmask]