I'd like to add that THE JAZZ SINGER used sound in one way (4 segments used primarily for musical interludes), and Charlie Chaplin used it only partially as well but in a completely different way. Chaplin was relictant to move into the sound era ("The Tramp" character just *couldn't* be a speaking character. I'm thinking specifially of MODERN TIMES which I believe came out in 1936, several years after sound became the 'norm'...the music is explicit and in certain points 'talks' forthe characters. But the only spoken words are spoken by the factory's head honcho to the foreman--Via Video Screen--and over the radio. Authority speaks but not in a real way..it's somewhat detached. Also, Chaplin's song is sung, but the words are nonsense. (my film professor mentioned that the actual words are a compliation of about 5 different languages) So, my point is that The Tramp never *did* talk. He sang, but that's not talking. And his song was just gibberish anyway. Sorry for the lecture. I know none of this information is extrememly profound, but I find it just fascinating. Not just the use of sound, mind you...film in general. But since we were talking about that transition... -Felicia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Felicia H. Berke Vassar College And all for love, and nothing for reward. Poughkeepsie, NY -Edmund Spenser 12601 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~