Henry, There are good bibliographical references that might be very helpful in Daniel J. Czitrom, _Media and the American Mind: From Morse to McLuhan_. In the 2nd chapter, "American Motion Pictures and the New Popular Culture, 1893-1900. This is published by the University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1982. I use it in an introductory class as one of the texts and when I looked for citations, I found so many that I suggest you look yourself. Good luck, O=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-O + Sandra Basgall [log in to unmask] (internet) + O School of Journalism sbasgava@uiamvs (bitnet) O + and Mass Communication + O The University of Iowa voice: (319) 337-5552 O + Iowa City, IA 52242 + O-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=O