Hello to all extra-diegetic souls on the inter-net. This business of diegetic vs. extra-diegetic is nicely and humoursly handled in an early sound film all of us doubtless know--Clari's _A Nous la Liberte_. If we recall the scene of the Chaplinesque wanderer newly released from prison (Louis, perhaps, is his name)--he sees a young woman framed in a window (apparently) singing. A shot shortly thereafter reveals a phonograph as the "source" of her singing. Louis' confusion/mistake is really a joke on Clair's part at the expense of the audience, which cannot distinguish sound "sources" except by VISUAL cues. I'll leave the rest of the implications up to the rest of you. By the way--Hi Krin! DD _____________________________________ David Desser, Cinema Studies 2109 FLB 244-2705